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WHEREAS
recognition of the inherent
dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all members
of the human family is the foundation
of freedom, justice and peace
in the world,
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WHEREAS
disregard and contempt for human
rights have resulted in barbarous
acts which have outraged the
conscience of mankind, and the
advent of a world in which human
beings shall enjoy freedom of
speech and belief and freedom
from fear and want has been
proclaimed as the highest aspiration
of the common people,
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WHEREAS
it is essential, if man is not
to be compelled to have recourse,
as a last resort, to rebellion
against tyranny and oppression,
that human rights should be
protected by the rule of law,
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WHEREAS
it is essential to promote the
development of friendly relations
between nations,
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WHEREAS
the peoples of the United Nations
have in the Charter reaffirmed
their faith in fundamental human
rights, in the dignity and worth
of the human person and in the
equal rights of men and women
and have determined to promote
social progress and better standards
of life in larger freedom,
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WHEREAS
Member States have pledged themselves
to achieve, in cooperation with
the United Nations, the promotion
of universal respect for and
observance of human rights and
fundamental freedoms,
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WHEREAS
a common understanding of these
rights and freedoms is of the
greatest importance for the
full realization of this pledge,
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Now,
therefore, 
Proclaims
THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard
of achievement for all peoples
and all nations, to the end
that every individual and every
organ of society, keeping this
Declaration constantly in mind,
shall strive by teaching and
education to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms
and by progressive measures,
national and international,
to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance,
both among the peoples of Member
States themselves and among
the peoples of territories under
their jurisdiction.
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| 1 |
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All
human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason
and conscience and should act
towards one another in a spirit
of brotherhood.
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| 2 |
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Furthermore,
no distinction shall be made
on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international
status of the country or territory
to which a person belongs, whether
it be independent, trust, non-self-governing
or under any other limitation
of sovereignty.
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| 3 |
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Everyone
has the right to life, liberty
and security of person.
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| 4 |
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No
one shall be held in slavery
or servitude; slavery and the
slave trade shall be prohibited
in all their forms.
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| 5 |
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No
one shall be subjected to torture
or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
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| 6 |
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Everyone
has the right to recognition
everywhere as a person before
the law.
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| 7 |
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All
are equal before the law and
are entitled without any discrimination
to equal protection of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in
violation of the Declaration
and against any incitement to
such discrimination.
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| 8 |
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Everyone
has the right to an effective
remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating
the fundamental rights granted
him by the constitution or by
law.
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| 9 |
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No
one shall be subjected to arbitrary
arrest, detention or exile.
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| 10 |
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Everyone
is entitled in full equality
to a fair and public hearing
by an independent and impartial
tribunal, in the determination
of his rights and obligations
and of any criminal charge against
him.
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| 11 |
1 |
Everyone
charged with a penal offense
has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty
according to law in a public
trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for
his defense.
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2 |
No
one shall be held guilty of
any penal offense on account
of any act or omission which
did not constitute a penal offense,
under national or international
law, at the time it was committed.
Nor shall a heavier penalty
be imposed than the one that
was applicable at the time the
penal offense was committed.
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| 12 |
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No
one shall be subjected to arbitrary
interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence,
nor to attacks upon his honor
and reputation. Everyone has
the right to the protection
of the law against such interference
or attacks.
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| 13 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to freedom of
movement and residence within
the borders of each state.
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2 |
Everyone
has the right to leave any country,
including his own, and to return
to his country.
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| 14 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to seek and to
enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
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2 |
This
right may not be invoked in
the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes
or from acts contrary to the
purposes and principles of the
United Nations.
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| 15 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to a nationality.
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2 |
No
one shall be arbitrarily deprived
of his nationality nor denied
the right to change his nationality.
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| 16 |
1 |
Men
and women of full age, without
any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to
marry and to found a family. They
are entitled to equal rights as
to marriage, during marriage and
at its dissolution.
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2 |
Marriage
shall be entered into only with
the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
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3 |
The
family is the natural and fundamental
group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society
and the State.
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| 17 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to own property
alone as well as in association
with others.
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2 |
No
one shall be arbitrarily deprived
of his property.
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| 18 |
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Everyone
has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion;
this right includes freedom
to change his religion or belief,
and freedom, either alone or
in community with others and
in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief in teaching,
practice, worship and observance.
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| 19 |
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Everyone
has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression: this
right includes freedom to hold
opinions without interference
and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through
any media and regardless of
frontiers.
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| 20 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to freedom of
peaceful assembly and association.
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2 |
No
one may be compelled to belong
to an association. |
| 21 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to take part in
the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen
representatives.
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2 |
Everyone
has the right of equal access
to public service in his country.
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3 |
The
will of the people shall be
the basis of the authority of
government; this will shall
be expressed in periodic and
genuine elections which shall
be by universal and equal suffrage
and shall be held by secret
vote or by equivalent free voting
procedures.
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| 22 |
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Everyone,
as a member of society, has
the right to social security
and is entitled to realization,
through national effort and
international co- operation
and in accordance with the organization
and resources of each State,
of the economic, social and
cultural rights indispensable
for his dignity and the free
development of his personality.
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| 23 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to work, to free
choice of employment, to just
and favorable conditions of
work and to protection against
unemployment.
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2 |
Everyone,
without any discrimination,
has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
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3 |
Everyone
who works has the right to just
and favorable remuneration ensuring
for himself and his family an
existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary,
by other means of social protection.
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4 |
Everyone
has the right to form and to
join trade unions for the protection
of his interests.
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| 24 |
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Everyone
has the right to rest and leisure,
including reasonable limitation
of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.
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| 25 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to a standard
of living adequate for the health
and well-being of himself and
of his family, including food,
clothing, housing and medical
care and necessary social services,
and the right to security in
the event of unemployment, sickness,
disability, widowhood, old age
or other lack of livelihood
in circumstances beyond his
control.
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2 |
Motherhood
and childhood are entitled to
special care and assistance.
All children, whether born in
or out of wedlock, shall enjoy
the same social protection.
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| 26 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right to education.
Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary
education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education
shall be made generally available
and higher education shall be
equally accessible to all on
the basis of merit.
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2 |
Education
shall be directed to the full
development of the human personality
and to the strengthening of
respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall
promote understanding, tolerance
and friendship among all nations,
racial or religious groups,
and shall further the activities
of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
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3 |
Parents
have a prior right to choose
the kind of education that shall
be given to their children.
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| 27 |
1 |
Everyone
has the right freely to participate
in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts
and to share in scientific advancement
and its benefits.
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2 |
Everyone
has the right to the protection
of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific,
literary or artistic production
of which he is the author.
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| 28 |
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Everyone
is entitled to a social and
international order in which
the rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration can
be fully realized.
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| 29 |
1 |
Everyone
has duties to the community
in which alone the free and
full development of his personality
is possible.
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2 |
In
the exercise of his rights and
freedoms, everyone shall be
subject only to such limitations
as are determined by law solely
for the purpose of securing
due recognition and respect
for the rights and freedoms
of others and of meeting the
just requirements of morality,
public order and the general
welfare in a democratic society.
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3 |
These
rights and freedoms may in no
case be exercised contrary to
the purposes and principles
of the United Nations.
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| 30 |
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Nothing
in this Declaration may be interpreted
as implying for any State, group
or person any right to engage
in any activity or to perform
any act aimed at the destruction
of any of the rights and freedoms
set forth herein.
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